Atopic dermatitis or eczema is usually characterised by dry, itchy skin or rashes on the face, inside the elbows, behind the knees and hands and feet. There is a strong genetic component in atopic dermatitis, where several genetic variants contribute to genetic susceptibility to skin dermal sensitivity and eczema.

Pet allergy is an allergic reaction to proteins found in animal skin, saliva or urine. Pet allergy is usually triggered by exposure to the dead flakes of skin (dander) of a pet. Diagnosing someone with pet allergy has big implications, as pets are often viewed as part of the family.

Eggs are one of the most common food allergens, especially in children. The body immune system may see the egg protein as a foreign invader and attack it, causing allergic reactions. Certain genetic variations have been found to be associated with increased risk of egg allergy.

Benzene exposure may irritate the nose and throat, cause coughing, wheezing, headache, dizziness and skin allergies. It may also affect vital organs including liver, kidney, lung, heart and the brain. Genetic variations in certain genes increase susceptibility to benzene toxicity.